Organic fertilizer is a specific product containing active microorganisms that can achieve specific fertilizer effects when applied in agricultural production. Organic fertilizers contain abundant organic matter and various nutrients required by crops. The use of organic fertilizers is an essential part of energy and material cycling in agricultural production. In addition to having nutritional effects and increasing crop yield, they also have unique effects in improving soil and fertilizing soil fertility. Due to the thorough decomposition of the material during the treatment process, there will be no secondary fermentation when applied to the ground, and there will be no microorganisms that rapidly propagate due to secondary fermentation. There will also be no burning of roots and seedlings due to the competition between microorganisms and crop roots, making it very safe to use. In addition, agricultural products produced with organic fertilizer have the characteristics of good quality and taste, which reduce the residue of harmful substances such as nitrate, which is beneficial to human health and can increase the content of essential amino acids, proteins and sugars, and are widely used in green agriculture and organic agriculture.
The production of organic fertilizer requires the organic fertilizer composter to ferment first, and then in the cooling period, microorganisms will carry out the humus transformation of organic matter, and produce a large number of metabolites beneficial to plant growth and absorption in this process. The organic fertilizer production equipment needs to go through four stages of treatment in order to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer.
The four major stages of using organic fertilizer production equipment:
1. Heating stage.
In the early stage of composting production, the microorganisms in the compost are mainly of medium temperature and aerobic types. They initiate the fermentation process of composting and vigorously decompose easily decomposable organic substances under aerobic conditions, generating a large amount of heat, continuously increasing the compost temperature from around 20 ℃ to 40 ℃, reaching the medium temperature stage.
2. High temperature stage.
During the high-temperature stage, thermophilic actinomycetes and thermophilic fungi become the main species. They strongly decompose the complex organic matter in compost, accumulate heat, and the composting temperature rises to 60-70 ℃, even up to 80 ℃. Immediately, most thermophilic microorganisms also die in large numbers or enter a dormant state.
3. Cooling stage.
When the high temperature stage lasts for a certain time, most of the cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin materials have been decomposed, leaving complex components that are difficult to decompose and newly formed humus. The activity of microorganisms weakens and the temperature gradually drops. When the temperature drops below 40 ℃, mesophilic microorganisms become the dominant species again.
4. Fertilization stage.
After the compost matures, its volume decreases and the pile temperature drops slightly above the temperature. At this point, the compost should be compressed to create an anaerobic state, weakening the mineralization of organic matter and facilitating fertilizer preservation.