The use of organic fertilizer equipment to produce livestock manure into organic fertilizer has become a mainstream method. The structural characteristics of the organic fertilizer fermentation equipment are composed of a U-shaped container, spiral belt stirring blades, and transmission components; The U-shaped long cylinder structure ensures small resistance movement of the mixed materials (powder, semi fluid) within the cylinder. The positive and negative rotating screw bars are installed on the same horizontal axis, forming a low power and efficient mixed environment. The spiral shaped blades are generally made into two or three layers, with the outer spiral converging the material from both sides to the center, and the inner spiral conveying the material from the center to both sides, which can form more eddies in the flow of the material. Accelerated mixing speed and improved mixing uniformity. During the process of organic fertilizer fermentation and ripening using organic fertilizer flippers in organic fertilizer equipment, there are four factors that affect the fermentation performance of organic fertilizer, including temperature, moisture, C/N, and pH value.
Four factors affecting the fermentation of poultry and livestock manure by organic fertilizer equipment:
1. Temperature influencing factors. Temperature is an important indicator of microbial activity in aerobic fermentation, and the generation of high temperature indicates that the fermentation process is running well. Factory fermentation requires a short cycle, usually 10-20 days. Usually, methods such as flipping and forced ventilation are used to improve the state, promote rapid temperature rise of materials in the early stage and maintain a high temperature of 60-65 ° C in the middle stage. The poor physical shape of pig manure is the main obstacle to fermentation temperature rise, and high C/N and soil moisture organic matter must be added to improve it.
2. Factors affecting moisture content. Water is an indispensable and important factor in microbial activity. In the aerobic fermentation process, the suitable moisture content of the material is 60% -70%. If the tax content of the material is too high or too low, it will affect the activity of aerobic microorganisms. Water regulation should be carried out before fermentation. The moisture content of the material is less than 60%, the temperature rises slowly, and the degree of decomposition is poor. Fresh manure generally has a high moisture content, and the method to reduce the moisture content is to mix oil and machine materials with soil moisture. Ingredients such as rice husks, peat, sawdust, straw, etc. also promote the loss of water.
3. C/N influencing factors. C/N is an important nutritional condition for microbial activity. Organic fertilizer equipment usually requires a suitable C/N of 20-30 for microbial reproduction. The average C/N of pig manure is 14. Pure pig manure is not conducive to fermentation and needs to be mixed with materials with a high C/N ratio for regulation. The materials mentioned above that regulate moisture content have a high C/N ratio and are also good C/N admixtures.
4. The influencing factors of pH value. Acidity and alkalinity have an important impact on microbial activity and nitrogen preservation. The industrial fermentation of livestock and poultry manure using organic fertilizer equipment is good for itching fermentation, with a large amount of ammonium nitrogen generated, causing an increase in pH. The entire fermentation process is in an alkaline environment, and the adverse effects of a high pH environment mainly increase nitrogen loss. You can add auxiliary materials such as straw, sawdust, and bran. Promote the biological fixation of nitrogen and reduce the mineralization rate of nitrogen in the main material during the fermentation process, reducing the volatilization loss of ammonium nitrogen. Fresh pig manure and its bio organic fertilizer fermented with harmless microbial agents undergo high-temperature decomposition and heat exchange by microorganisms, resulting in a large amount of water removal. The content decreases by 30% -40%, the organic matter content increases by 2 times, the nitrogen nutrient content increases by 2 to 4 times, the phosphorus nutrient increases by 2 to 8 times, the potassium increases by about 10 times, the pH changes from neutral to slightly alkaline, and the beneficial microorganisms increase by 130 to 150 million/g.